卵巢癌是新加坡女性面临的一项重大健康问题，了解该疾病对于预防、早期发现以及提高治疗成功率至关重要。 在这篇内容丰富的文章中，我们将探讨卵巢癌的各个方面，包括其定义、风险因素、预防策略、常见症状、转移部位，以及咨询像OncoCare这样信誉良好的癌症专家的重要性。无论您是为自己还是为亲人寻找信息，我们的目标都是在应对卵巢癌的征途中，为您提供宝贵的见解和坚定不移的支持。
To effectively prevent ovarian cancer, it's crucial to be aware of the associated risk factors. While having one or more risk factors doesn't guarantee ovarian cancer, being informed empowers you to make proactive choices for your well-being. Ageing is a significant risk factor, with the majority of ovarian malignancies occurring after menopause, particularly among women aged 63 and older. Family history also plays a role, especially if a close relative has had ovarian cancer due to hereditary mutations. Other factors such as a history of breast cancer, obesity, late pregnancies, hormone replacement therapy after menopause, smoking, and endometriosis are also linked to an increased risk of ovarian cancer.
预防建议：
幸运的是，有一些预防措施有助于降低患卵巢癌的风险。怀孕和哺乳与较低的患病风险相关，每次足月妊娠都能进一步降低风险。研究发现，使用口服避孕药（如避孕药）也能降低风险，且停药后仍能持续发挥保护作用。 其他避孕方式，如输卵管结扎术和短期使用宫内节育器（IUD），也被证实能降低患病风险。此外，研究发现，进行子宫切除术（切除子宫但不切除卵巢）可将卵巢癌风险降低约三分之一。
Recognising the symptoms of ovarian cancer is crucial for early detection and seeking timely medical attention. Common signs to be aware of include abdominal or pelvic pain, persistent bloating, difficulty eating or feeling full quickly, frequent and urgent urination, constipation, an enlarging waistline due to fluid accumulation in the abdomen (ascites), extreme exhaustion or fatigue, acid reflux, pain during intercourse, and changes in menstruation. It is vital to listen to your body and remain vigilant for any unusual or persistent symptoms. If you experience any of these symptoms for two weeks or longer, we strongly advise consulting an ovarian cancer specialist in Singapore. Remember, it's important to note that these symptoms may also be caused by other conditions, but early detection plays a pivotal role in improving treatment success.
卵巢癌有可能扩散至身体的不同部位，因此了解其常见的转移部位至关重要。该疾病通常会转移至肝脏、肺周围的胸腔积液、脾脏、肠道、脑部、皮肤以及腹腔外的淋巴结。了解这些转移部位对于确定最合适的治疗方案并确保患者获得全面的护理具有关键作用。
手术在卵巢癌的治疗中起着至关重要的作用，主要有两个目的：切除肿瘤和确定疾病分期。
对于局限于卵巢的早期卵巢癌，手术包括全面切除子宫（子宫切除术）、卵巢、输卵管（输卵管卵巢切除术）、大网膜（覆盖腹部器官的一层脂肪组织）以及肿瘤周围的淋巴结。 手术过程中，会用盐水仔细冲洗腹腔，并将收集到的液体和组织样本在显微镜下进行检查，以确定癌症是否已扩散至卵巢以外，从而为癌症分期提供有价值的信息。
对于已扩散至卵巢以外的晚期卵巢癌，通常会进行减瘤手术。减瘤手术的主要目的是尽可能切除肿瘤，力求不留任何癌变组织。对于那些术后肿瘤被完全切除的患者而言，这种细致的手术方法能带来更好的预后，相比之下，术后残留肿瘤的患者预后则较差。
化疗是一种针对卵巢癌的全身性治疗方法，利用强效药物靶向并杀死癌细胞。通过有针对性地作用于体内生长迅速的细胞，化疗旨在抑制癌细胞的快速增殖。尽管化疗可能会对健康的快速增殖细胞造成附带损害，但卵巢癌对这种治疗方法的反应良好。在新加坡，卵巢癌治疗中会使用多种化疗药物，并根据患者的个体需求和疾病特征进行个性化调整。
Each ovarian tumour possesses a unique set of genetic, protein, or other molecular features that drive its growth. Targeted therapy refers to a specialised treatment approach designed to block these specific factors and halt cancer growth. Sometimes referred to as "molecularly targeted drugs," "designer drugs," or "precision medicines," targeted therapy can be employed as a standalone treatment or in combination with other therapies like chemotherapy. By precisely targeting the underlying mechanisms fueling cancer growth, targeted therapy offers a tailored and potentially more effective approach to treating ovarian cancer in Singapore.
某些类型的卵巢癌含有激素受体，例如雌激素受体和/或孕激素受体。这些受体常见于低级别卵巢癌，包括低级别浆液性卵巢癌和低级别子宫内膜样卵巢癌。激素治疗通过降低雌激素水平，来延缓或阻止激素依赖性癌症的生长。 通过靶向肿瘤细胞中的激素受体，激素治疗提供了一种专门的治疗方案，能够有效控制这些特定类型卵巢癌的进展。
在对抗卵巢癌的斗争中，寻求像OncoCare这样值得信赖的癌症专科机构的帮助至关重要，尤其是考虑到卵巢癌是新加坡女性中第五大常见癌症。凭借我们的专业知识和个性化治疗方案，我们可以确保早期发现、及时干预并改善治疗效果。 定期筛查并咨询专业医生，对于及时掌握病情并采取积极措施维护健康至关重要。OncoCare提供全面的服务和充满关怀的支持，在您与家人的抗癌之路上全程相伴。请咨询新加坡领先的卵巢癌专科机构OncoCare，获取可靠的指导和个性化的治疗方案，主动掌控您的健康。
“专业知识意味着更好的癌症护理”
作者：
林少雷博士
医学学士（澳大利亚，荣誉学位）
MRCP（英国）
医学博士（英国）
