許多人發現尿液帶血時都會感到擔憂。雖然這絕非正常現象,但並不一定代表您患有腎癌。尿液帶血可能有許多原因,包括感染、結石和外傷。
在這篇文章中,OncoCare 癌症中心將詳細解析此症狀的可能成因以及腎癌的其他症狀,以協助讀者更清楚地了解導致血尿的潛在原因。
尿中帶血,亦稱血尿,當腎臟或泌尿道其他部位導致紅血球和白血球出現在尿液中時,男性和女性都可能出現此症狀。但請不必擔心,因為大多數人在出現血尿時並不會感到疼痛。
血尿可分為兩種類型:肉眼可見型與顯微鏡下可見型。
在某些情況下,尿液中的血液肉眼可見,會使馬桶水呈現紅色或粉紅色,或在排尿後留下明顯的血跡。在其他情況下,血細胞數量極少,唯有透過實驗室檢查才能發現。
血尿主要可分為三種類型:肉眼血尿、顯微鏡下血尿及試紙血尿。
雖然腎癌是導致血尿的可能原因之一,但並非唯一原因。許多因素都可能引發這種情況,例如:
血尿可能表現為粉紅色、紅色,甚至可樂色的尿液。即使只有極少量的紅血球,也足以使尿液顏色發生顯著變化。通常,此症狀不會伴隨疼痛,但排出血塊可能會令人感到不適。
切勿將血尿與看似混入尿液、實則源自其他部位的血液混為一談。女性的情況可能是源自陰道,而男性則可能是因射精問題所致,這類問題通常與前列腺問題有關。此外,排便時的血液有時也會被誤認為是尿血。
血尿可能發生在任何人身上,從兒童到成人皆然。可能增加罹患此症風險的因素包括:
If you notice blood in your urine, it's essential not to ignore it. Microscopic amounts might be discovered during routine health screenings, even if not visible to the naked eye. Immediate medical consultation is crucial, particularly if you experience symptoms like pain during urination, unexplained weight loss, or urgency.
需要緊急就醫的嚴重症狀包括:
就診時,您將接受全面的身體檢查。您的醫療保健提供者可能會詢問症狀的起始時間及性質,檢查尿液是否有異味或顏色變化,並詢問您近期是否食用過可能影響尿液顏色的食物,例如甜菜根或莓果類。他們也可能詢問近期是否有任何可能影響您症狀的病史。
診斷檢查可能包括:
根據透過這些診斷方法確定的根本原因,血尿的治療方式將會有所不同。
根據《2021年新加坡癌症登記處年度報告》,在新加坡,腎癌是男性中發病率排名第七的癌症。此疾病可能出現的症狀包括尿血、肋骨下方持續性側腹痛,或腎臟部位明顯腫脹。
對於出現這些徵兆的人來說,及早諮詢家庭醫生至關重要,因為他們可以協助轉介至癌症專科醫生進行進一步評估。
The kidneys can be affected by various cancer types, with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) being the predominant form. Other less common types include transitional cell cancer and Wilms' tumour, which represents a rare paediatric kidney cancer, highlighting the diversity of this disease's manifestations.
There are some signs that may mean you have kidney cancer. Aside from blood in your urine, these include a pain in your side or back that doesn't go away, feeling tired all the time, losing weight without trying, a fever, and swelling in your ankles or legs. If you identify with having these symptoms along with blood in your urine, you should see a doctor right away to be tested for kidney cancer. The earlier the cancer is found, the better the chance of curing it.
診斷腎癌需結合血液與尿液檢查,藉此協助偵測異常情況,例如紅血球、細菌或癌細胞的存在。這些初步篩檢能提供關鍵線索,有助於釐清症狀的可能成因。
Treatment for kidney cancer often starts with surgical intervention aimed primarily at removing the tumour. This approach varies based on the cancer's stage and location. For localised kidney cancers, surgery might be the sole treatment required, while advanced stages could necessitate additional therapies.
While it's not entirely possible to prevent kidney cancer due to unknown causes, adopting a healthy lifestyle can significantly reduce your risk. Engaging in regular physical activity and maintaining a healthy diet are crucial steps in preventing not only kidney cancer but also other types of chronic diseases.
With 4.2% of men suffering from kidney cancer and the rising prevalence of this disease at approximately 2-3%, it is best to consider visiting a cancer doctor in Singapore if you are experiencing blood in your urine on a regular basis. And while kidney cancer is often thought of as a men's disease, it's important to note that women are also at risk. In fact, kidney cancer is one of the top 10 cancers in women aged 40-49 and 50-59, according to the Singapore Cancer Registry Annual Report 2021. So, if you're a woman experiencing blood in your urine, don't dismiss it either.
我們的腫瘤科專家團隊致力於為每位患者提供全面且個人化的照護。在本院的綜合醫療中心,您可以根據個人偏好與需求,選擇適合的癌症篩檢與治療方案。請立即預約本院任一診所的門診。
「專業知識意味著能為癌症患者提供更好的照護」
作者:
Tay Miah Hiang 博士
醫學士(新加坡)
Med(新加坡)
MRCP(英國)
FAMS(醫學腫瘤學)